"use strict"; const {Fragment: _Fragment, jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0]; const {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0]; function _createMdxContent(props) { const _components = { a: "a", annotation: "annotation", code: "code", figure: "figure", h2: "h2", img: "img", li: "li", math: "math", mi: "mi", mn: "mn", mo: "mo", mrow: "mrow", msup: "msup", p: "p", pre: "pre", semantics: "semantics", span: "span", table: "table", tbody: "tbody", td: "td", th: "th", thead: "thead", tr: "tr", ul: "ul", ..._provideComponents(), ...props.components }; return _jsxs(_Fragment, { children: [_jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsx(_components.a, { href: "https://www.acmicpc.net/problem/1285", children: "문제 링크" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h2, { children: "문제" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "N^2개의 동전이 N행 N열을 이루어 탁자 위에 놓여 있다. 그 중 일부는 앞면(H)이 위를 향하도록 놓여 있고, 나머지는 뒷면(T)이 위를 향하도록 놓여 있다. <그림 1>은 N이 3일 때의 예이다." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsx(_components.img, { src: "/generated/posts/algorithm/boj-1285/assets/img1.avif", alt: "" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "<그림 1>" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "이들 N^2개의 동전에 대하여 임의의 한 행 또는 한 열에 놓인 N개의 동전을 모두 뒤집는 작업을 수행할 수 있다. 예를 들어 <그림 1>의 상태에서 첫 번째 열에 놓인 동전을 모두 뒤집으면 <그림 2>와 같이 되고, <그림 2>의 상태에서 첫 번째 행에 놓인 동전을 모두 뒤집으면 <그림 3>과 같이 된다." }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.table, { children: [_jsx(_components.thead, { children: _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.th, { children: "<그림 2>" }), _jsx(_components.th, { children: "<그림 3>" })] }) }), _jsx(_components.tbody, { children: _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.img, { src: "/generated/posts/algorithm/boj-1285/assets/img2.avif", alt: "" }) }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.img, { src: "/generated/posts/algorithm/boj-1285/assets/img3.avif", alt: "" }) })] }) })] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "<그림 3>의 상태에서 뒷면이 위를 향하여 놓인 동전의 개수는 두 개이다. <그림 1>의 상태에서 이와 같이 한 행 또는 한 열에 놓인 N개의 동전을 모두 뒤집는 작업을 계속 수행할 때 뒷면이 위를 향하도록 놓인 동전의 개수를 2개보다 작게 만들 수는 없다." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "N^2개의 동전들의 초기 상태가 주어질 때, 한 행 또는 한 열에 놓인 N개의 동전을 모두 뒤집는 작업들을 수행하여 뒷면이 위를 향하는 동전 개수를 최소로 하려 한다. 이때의 최소 개수를 구하는 프로그램을 작성하시오." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h2, { children: "입력" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "첫째 줄에 20이하의 자연수 N이 주어진다. 둘째 줄부터 N줄에 걸쳐 N개씩 동전들의 초기 상태가 주어진다. 각 줄에는 한 행에 놓인 N개의 동전의 상태가 왼쪽부터 차례대로 주어지는데, 앞면이 위를 향하도록 놓인 경우 H, 뒷면이 위를 향하도록 놓인 경우 T로 표시되며 이들 사이에 공백은 없다." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h2, { children: "출력" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "첫째 줄에 한 행 또는 한 열에 놓인 N개의 동전을 모두 뒤집는 작업들을 수행하여 뒷면이 위를 향하여 놓일 수 있는 동전의 최소 개수를 출력한다." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h2, { children: "풀이" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "이 문제의 포인트는 행과 열을 동시에 모두 고민하려고 하지 않는 것이다. 모든 행에 대해 뒤집을지 말지를 먼저 전부 선택하고 나면, 그 뒤에는 열에 대해서는 따로 완전탐색할 필요가 없다." }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["이유는 행 상태가 하나 정해졌을 때 각 열은 독립적으로 최적 선택이 가능하기 때문이다. 어떤 열에서 뒷면의 개수가 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "tail" }), "개라면, 그 열을 뒤집지 않는 경우와 뒤집는 경우 중 더 작은 값인 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "min(tail, N - tail)" }), "만 취하면 된다. 즉 완전탐색의 대상은 행 선택뿐이고, 열은 그 결과를 바로 계산할 수 있다."] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["그래서 경우의 수는 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "2^N" }), "개다. 여기서 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "N <= 20" }), "이라는 제한이 결정적이다. 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children: " " }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: " static" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: " void" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#88C0D0" }, children: " solve" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: "int" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9" }, children: " cnt" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: " {" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: " if" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: " (" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: "cnt " }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: "==" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: " N" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: " {" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: " int" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9" }, children: " sum" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: " =" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#B48EAD" }, children: " 0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: ";" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: " for" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: " (" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: "int" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9" }, children: " i" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: " =" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#B48EAD" }, children: " 1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: ";" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: " i " }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: " (" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#B48EAD" }, children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: " <<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: " N" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: ";" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: " i " }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: "*=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#B48EAD" }, children: " 2" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: " {" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: " int" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9" }, children: " tail" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: " =" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#B48EAD" }, children: " 0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: ";" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: " for" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: " (" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: "int" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9" }, children: " j" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: " =" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#B48EAD" }, children: " 0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: ";" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: " j " }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: " N" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: ";" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: " j" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: "++" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: ")" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: " if" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: " ((" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: "coins" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: "j" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: " &" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: " i" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: " !=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#B48EAD" }, children: " 0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: ")" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: " tail" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: "++;" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: " sum " }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: "+=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9" }, children: " Math" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: "." }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#88C0D0" }, children: "min" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: "tail" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: "," }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: " N " }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: " tail" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: ";" })] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: " }" }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: " ans " }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9" }, children: " Math" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: "." }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#88C0D0" }, children: "min" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: "ans" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: "," }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: " sum" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: ";" })] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: " return;" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: " }" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: " " }), "\n", _jsx(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#616E88" }, children: " // 동전 뒤집기" }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: " coins" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: "cnt" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: " =" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: " ~" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: "coins" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: "cnt" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: ";" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#88C0D0" }, children: " solve" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: "cnt " }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#B48EAD" }, children: " 1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: ";" })] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: " " }), "\n", _jsx(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#616E88" }, children: " // 동전 안뒤집기" }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: " coins" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: "cnt" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: " =" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: " ~" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: "coins" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: "cnt" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: ";" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#88C0D0" }, children: " solve" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#D8DEE9FF" }, children: "cnt " }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#B48EAD" }, children: " 1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#81A1C1" }, children: ";" })] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: " }" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.span, { "data-line": "", children: _jsx(_components.span, { style: { color: "#ECEFF4" }, children: "}" }) })] }) }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h2, { children: "복잡도" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["시간 복잡도: ", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "O" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "N" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "⋅" }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mn, { children: "2" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "N" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "O(N \\cdot 2^N)" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0278em" }, children: "O" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.109em" }, children: "N" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "⋅" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1.0913em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "2" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.8413em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.063em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.109em" }, children: "N" }) })] }) }) }) }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] })] })] })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["공간 복잡도: ", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "O" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "N" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "O(N)" })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1em", verticalAlign: "-0.25em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0278em" }, children: "O" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.109em" }, children: "N" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mclose", children: ")" })] }) })] })] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h2, { children: "마무리" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["행과 열을 동시에 고민하면 복잡하지만, 행을 먼저 고정하면 열은 자동으로 최적 선택이 된다. 이 관점 때문에 완전탐색 범위가 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "2^N" }), "으로 줄어드는 문제다."] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsx(_components.img, { src: "/generated/posts/algorithm/boj-1285/assets/1.png", alt: "" }) })] }); } function MDXContent(props = {}) { const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = { ..._provideComponents(), ...props.components }; return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, { ...props, children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, { ...props }) }) : _createMdxContent(props); } return { default: MDXContent };

BOJ 1285 - 동전 뒤집기