"use strict"; const {Fragment: _Fragment, jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0]; const {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0]; function _createMdxContent(props) { const _components = { a: "a", code: "code", figure: "figure", h2: "h2", img: "img", li: "li", p: "p", pre: "pre", span: "span", ul: "ul", ..._provideComponents(), ...props.components }; return _jsxs(_Fragment, { children: [_jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsx(_components.a, { href: "https://www.acmicpc.net/problem/9019", children: "문제 링크" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h2, { children: "문제" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "네 개의 명령어 D, S, L, R 을 이용하는 간단한 계산기가 있다. 이 계산기에는 레지스터가 하나 있는데, 이 레지스터에는 0 이상 10,000 미만의 십진수를 저장할 수 있다. 각 명령어는 이 레지스터에 저장된 n을 다음과 같이 변환한다. n의 네 자릿수를 d1, d2, d3, d4라고 하자(즉 n = ((d1 × 10 + d2) × 10 + d3) × 10 + d4라고 하자)" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "D: D 는 n을 두 배로 바꾼다. 결과 값이 9999 보다 큰 경우에는 10000 으로 나눈 나머지를 취한다. 그 결과 값(2n mod 10000)을 레지스터에 저장한다." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "S: S 는 n에서 1 을 뺀 결과 n-1을 레지스터에 저장한다. n이 0 이라면 9999 가 대신 레지스터에 저장된다." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "L: L 은 n의 각 자릿수를 왼편으로 회전시켜 그 결과를 레지스터에 저장한다. 이 연산이 끝나면 레지스터에 저장된 네 자릿수는 왼편부터 d2, d3, d4, d1이 된다." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "R: R 은 n의 각 자릿수를 오른편으로 회전시켜 그 결과를 레지스터에 저장한다. 이 연산이 끝나면 레지스터에 저장된 네 자릿수는 왼편부터 d4, d1, d2, d3이 된다." }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "위에서 언급한 것처럼, L 과 R 명령어는 십진 자릿수를 가정하고 연산을 수행한다. 예를 들어서 n = 1234 라면 여기에 L 을 적용하면 2341 이 되고 R 을 적용하면 4123 이 된다." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "여러분이 작성할 프로그램은 주어진 서로 다른 두 정수 A와 B(A ≠ B)에 대하여 A를 B로 바꾸는 최소한의 명령어를 생성하는 프로그램이다. 예를 들어서 A = 1234, B = 3412 라면 다음과 같이 두 개의 명령어를 적용하면 A를 B로 변환할 수 있다." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "1234 →L 2341 →L 3412" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "1234 →R 4123 →R 3412" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "따라서 여러분의 프로그램은 이 경우에 LL 이나 RR 을 출력해야 한다." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "n의 자릿수로 0 이 포함된 경우에 주의해야 한다. 예를 들어서 1000 에 L 을 적용하면 0001 이 되므로 결과는 1 이 된다. 그러나 R 을 적용하면 0100 이 되므로 결과는 100 이 된다." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h2, { children: "입력" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "프로그램 입력은 T 개의 테스트 케이스로 구성된다. 테스트 케이스 개수 T 는 입력의 첫 줄에 주어진다. 각 테스트 케이스로는 두 개의 정수 A와 B(A ≠ B)가 공백으로 분리되어 차례로 주어지는데 A는 레지스터의 초기 값을 나타내고 B는 최종 값을 나타낸다. A 와 B는 모두 0 이상 10,000 미만이다." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h2, { children: "출력" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "A에서 B로 변환하기 위해 필요한 최소한의 명령어 나열을 출력한다. 가능한 명령어 나열이 여러가지면, 아무거나 출력한다." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h2, { children: "풀이" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "각 수를 정점으로 보고 D, S, L, R 연산을 간선으로 생각하면, 시작 수에서 목표 수까지의 최소 연산 횟수는 BFS로 구할 수 있다. 모든 연산 비용이 같기 때문이다." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "코드에서는 현재 숫자에서 네 연산 결과를 계산해 아직 방문하지 않은 수만 큐에 넣는다. 동시에 어떤 연산으로 왔는지와 이전 숫자를 기록해 두면, 목표에 도달한 뒤 명령 문자열도 복원할 수 있다." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "정수 위의 상태 그래프 BFS라고 생각하면 구조가 명확해진다." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h2, { children: "코드" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.figure, { "data-rehype-pretty-code-figure": "", children: _jsx(_components.pre, { style: { backgroundColor: "#2e3440ff", color: "#d8dee9ff" }, tabIndex: "0", "data-language": "cpp", "data-theme": "nord", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { "data-language": "cpp", "data-theme": "nord", style: { display: "grid" }, 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배열 기준 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "O(10000)" })] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h2, { children: "마무리" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "수 하나를 바꾸는 연산 문제지만, 결국은 상태 그래프 위의 최단 경로다. 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BOJ 9019 - DSLR